Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that affects the structure and clarity of the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye. In people with keratoconus, the cornea gradually thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, leading to distorted vision, increased light sensitivity, and reduced visual acuity.

While keratoconus is primarily managed with vision correction, corneal cross-linking, or surgical interventions, emerging evidence suggests that nutrition may play a role in supporting corneal health and slowing disease progression. At NutritionForEyes.com, we’re here to help you explore natural ways to complement your eye care with a cornea-supportive diet.

What Is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus (pronounced keh-ruh-toe-KOH-nus) is a non-inflammatory eye condition that typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and can worsen over time. The cornea weakens and thins, leading it to bulge into a cone-like shape, which distorts how light enters the eye.

Symptoms of Keratoconus:

  • Blurred or distorted vision
  • Increased sensitivity to light and glare
  • Difficulty seeing at night
  • Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions
  • Ghosting or double vision (especially in one eye)

The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but factors may include:

  • Genetics (family history)
  • Oxidative stress and free radical damage
  • Enzyme imbalances in the cornea
  • Eye rubbing, often linked to allergies or atopic conditions

Can Nutrition Help with Keratoconus?

While there is no cure for keratoconus through diet alone, scientific research increasingly suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in its progression. That’s where nutrition may help. Targeted nutrients can support the structural integrity of the cornea, reduce inflammation, and aid in cellular repair.

A nutrient-rich, antioxidant-heavy diet may help:

  • Strengthen corneal collagen
  • Reduce oxidative damage
  • Support tissue repair
  • Promote eye hydration and resilience

Key Nutrients for Keratoconus and Corneal Health

1. Vitamin C – Collagen Support and Antioxidant Defense

Vitamin C is critical for collagen synthesis, which maintains the structural strength of the cornea. It also acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals that can weaken corneal tissue.

Top food sources:

  • Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits)
  • Bell peppers
  • Strawberries
  • Broccoli
  • Kiwi

2. Copper and Zinc – Enzymatic Support for Corneal Cross-Linking

Copper and zinc are essential cofactors in enzymes that help form and stabilize collagen cross-links in the cornea. These minerals are especially important in supporting natural mechanisms similar to those used in corneal cross-linking (CXL) procedures.

Sources of copper:

  • Shellfish
  • Nuts and seeds
  • Organ meats
  • Dark chocolate

Sources of zinc:

  • Pumpkin seeds
  • Chickpeas
  • Beef
  • Eggs

3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Reducing Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to keratoconus progression. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and help support tear film stability and corneal surface health.

Best omega-3 sources:

  • Salmon, sardines, mackerel
  • Flaxseeds and chia seeds
  • Walnuts
  • Algal oil (plant-based DHA)

4. Lutein and Zeaxanthin – Eye Antioxidants

While better known for protecting the retina, lutein and zeaxanthin also reduce oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye, including the cornea.

Top food sources:

  • Kale and spinach
  • Collard greens
  • Corn
  • Egg yolks

5. Glutathione and Sulfur-Rich Foods – Cellular Detoxification

Glutathione is a master antioxidant in the eye and may be reduced in keratoconus patients. Sulfur-rich foods help your body produce and recycle glutathione, which protects corneal cells from oxidative stress.

Top sources:

  • Garlic and onions
  • Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts)
  • Eggs
  • Asparagus

6. Gelatin and Bone Broth – Natural Collagen Builders

Gelatin contains amino acids like glycine and proline that support natural collagen production, which is essential for maintaining corneal strength.

Sources:

  • Bone broth (homemade or high-quality store-bought)
  • Gelatin powder (in smoothies or soups)

Dietary and Lifestyle Tips for Managing Keratoconus

✓ Eat a Whole-Food, Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, high-quality proteins, and healthy fats to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair.

✓ Stay Hydrated

Hydration supports the corneal tear film and helps maintain eye surface health.

✓ Avoid Processed Foods and Excess Sugar

These contribute to inflammation and glycation, which damages collagen and accelerates corneal weakening.

✓ Avoid Eye Rubbing

Eye rubbing is strongly linked to the progression of keratoconus. Manage allergies or dry eye symptoms naturally to reduce the urge to rub.

✓ Get Regular Eye Exams

Early diagnosis and monitoring are key to managing keratoconus and preserving vision.

Supplements That May Support Corneal Health

For those at higher risk or already diagnosed with keratoconus, certain evidence-backed supplements may help:

  • Vitamin C (500–1000 mg daily) – Antioxidant + collagen support
  • Zinc and copper (balanced doses) – Supports cross-linking enzymes
  • Lutein + zeaxanthin – Eye protection
  • Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA) – Anti-inflammatory support
  • NAC (N-acetylcysteine) – Supports glutathione production

⚠️ Always consult your eye care provider before beginning any supplement regimen, especially if you are undergoing corneal cross-linking or other treatments.